| 翻訳と辞書 |
| Ellen Hooton ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
Ellen Hooton
Ellen Hooton was a ten-year-old girl from Wigan who gave testimony to the Central Board of His Majesty's Commissioners for inquiring into the Employment of Children in Factories, 1833. She had been working for several years at a spinning frame, in a cotton mill along with other children. She worked from 5.30 am till 8 pm, six days a week and nine hours on a Saturday. She absconded at least 10 times and was punished by her overseers.
She is of interest because of the insight it gives into factory conditions, and the relationship with her mother. The ensuing Royal Commission, acted on her evidence and the Factory Acts were changed to regulate the use of children in factories.
==Family circumstances==
Ellen Hooton was born to Mary Hooton in 1822 or 1823. Thirty-two old Mary was unmarried. In 1829 she was a Dandy loom weaver. Ellens father was also a weaver. Under an terms of an order placed on him, Mary received 1s.6d. a week for child support until Ellen was four years old. She then received 1s. a week until Ellen was seven and a half, at which time payments stopped. Then 1820s decade was difficult for weavers, Mary did not work from home but in a Dandy loom shop where several of these looms were housed- this would mean she did not own her own loom, and was paid by piece-work. The piece work rates were reduced by 33% in 1828 and by 29% in 1829 effectively Mary's income was almost halved. Ellens father was by then out of work so couldn't assist. On Ellens account she entered the factory when she wasn't quite eight- though her mother claimed she was 'close upon nine years old'. The Factory Act of 1819 had prevented the employnment of children under nine. For the first six months in the factory, Ellen received no wages so was technically being trained not employed.
Mary's earnings in 1828 would be around 5s a week with an extra 1s coming from the father. This dropped to 3s a week. The average spinner in Wigan paid 1s.6d.for rent and taxes and 1s.2d. for fuel, soap, and candles: this left 4d. to spend on food. This however did not entitle her to any support from the parish. As a spinner tenting half a side, Ellen would earn 10½d. which would rise to 1s. 9d for a full side: some girls managed 2 sides earning 3s. 6d.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
■ウィキペディアで「Ellen Hooton」の詳細全文を読む
スポンサード リンク
| 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース |
Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.
|
|